Topic::. Collaboration develop the teaching -learning process among secondary level studends.

MANUAL

 

RESEARCH PROJECT

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name :ayesha

Id :0000107461

Reigon :hyderabad

Semester: 3^rd  (Autumn 2022 )

Region: hyderabad

Theme: Developing 21st century skill among student

Sub-Theme: collaboration

Topic::. Collaboration develop the teaching -learning process among secondary level studends.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name of the School (where the action research was conducted):

Action research was conducted in  govt girls LSS (english teaching) berrage colony catonment

 

 

. Overall background of the participants of the project; area/school: (socio-economic status, occupation/profession – earning trends of majority of the parents, literacy rate, academic quality, and any other special trait of the community where the school is situated) (10 marks)

• Background of the Participants:

The participants of the study were grade 7th  students who were enrolled in Government  .           The participants of this study belong to __hyderabad_  selected grade 7th  students which consisted in total 41 in numbers. Most of the participants were quite helpful and were matured enough to understand the purpose of my research. In their classroom there were no posters and pedagogical materals for learning English. Most of the students (participants) parents had a medium economic level, so their study did not receive full financial support from family. The interest of the students in the investigation led to their keenness for the task and the interview. As a result, teachers sometimes found it difficult to maintain order among students. Most of the participants were eager to build a team to work as a group.

School Area:

Project School was govt girls LSS (english teaching) berrage colony catonment  ___school building that contains 21 classrooms. According to the school record, there are a total of 97th 0 students in numbers. The total staff of that school was 27th , including the principles, clerk, watchman and  the teachers. This school system has been appreciated by members of the nearby people, as well as by parents, teachers and other respective members of the community. Quran Majeed was taught since the third class. The school area belongs to the urban area. The school environment also represents the market within which a school and its leader must position themselves. The pedagogical approach of the school is to teach the skills and abilities with the student as a center and aims at the integral development of the students. My project school was recently renovated the building. The location of this school is far from the main street. Each classroom shows a list of school values, class rules and a blackboard that shows the learning structure of each day. It makes the teaching and learning process situation work well because the situation is conducive and comfortable. The implementation of the research was carried out from September to October, 2021.

• Socio-Economic Status, Occupation/profession and Earning Trends of Participants Parents

I found that large majority of households were living in neuclear family system and the rest of them had joint and extended family. Most of the students resided in “Packa” houses. Then, more than half of the students’ parents belonged to the high-income group and less than a quarter of the students, belonged to the low-income group. A small number of parents of students were businessmen, government and private employees. A considerable number of the parents of the participants were well educated. The number of parents of the participants was dedicated to government services, as well as private services, respectively. Their parents were progressive in education, but they were still far from higher education. Parents have high expectations of their children. They show considerable participation in their children’s studies by providing facilities for studies and encouraging them.

Litracy rate

 

 As of 2021, the literacy rate of Hyderabad, a city in the Indian state of Telangana, is estimated to be around 83%. This means that about 83% of the population in Hyderabad is literate, which is above the national average literacy rate of India. Hyderabad has a strong education system, with many prestigious institutions of higher education located in the city, including the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), the International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), and the University of Hyderabad. The state government of Telangana has also implemented various initiatives to improve the literacy rate in the state, including the “Telangana Ku Haritha Haram” program, which aims to increase green cover and promote environmental awareness among the population, including school students.

 

Topic::. Collaboration develop the teaching -learning process among secondary level studends.

 

1. Why did you select this specific sub-theme and topic? Relate it to your experience / problem in your classroom/institution. (10 marks)

(Give the background and rationale of the study)

Reasons of Selecting This Specific Sub-Theme

The reason for selecting the sub-theme of collaboration under the broader theme of developing 21st century skills among students is that collaboration is a critical skill that is highly valued in the 21st century workplace. In today’s rapidly changing and complex world, individuals are expected to work effectively in teams and collaborate with others from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to achieve common goals. Therefore, it is essential for students to develop collaboration skills early on to prepare them for success in the future.

Furthermore, collaboration is a skill that is highly relevant to a wide range of academic disciplines and extracurricular activities. Whether students are working on a group project in science class, collaborating on a theatrical production, or participating in a team sport, collaboration is essential to achieving a successful outcome. Therefore, developing collaboration skills can benefit students in a variety of contexts, both inside and outside of the classroom.

In addition, collaboration aligns with other important 21st century skills such as communication, critical thinking, and creativity. When students collaborate effectively, they learn how to communicate their ideas clearly and constructively, think critically about problems and solutions, and generate creative solutions through brainstorming and experimentation. Therefore, developing collaboration skills can also contribute to the development of these other important 21st century skills.

Overall, the sub-theme of collaboration was selected because it is a critical skill that is highly valued in the 21st century workplace, relevant to a wide range of academic disciplines and extracurricular activities, and aligns with other important 21st century skills. By focusing on developing collaboration skills among students, educators can help prepare them for success in the future and provide them with the skills they need to work effectively in a rapidly changing and complex world.

Reason for choosing topic

Collaboration in the teaching-learning process among secondary level students can be a very effective approach to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. By working collaboratively, students can develop important social and communication skills, and learn from each other’s strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, collaborative learning can promote a sense of community and foster a positive learning environment.

There are several reasons why this topic is important. Firstly, secondary level students are at a critical stage of their development, where they are transitioning from childhood to adolescence, and are beginning to form their own identity and values. Collaborative learning can help students develop a sense of ownership over their learning, and encourage them to take an active role in their education.

Secondly, collaboration is becoming increasingly important in today’s society, where teaching -learning process and communication skills are highly valued in the workplace. By fostering collaborative learning at the secondary level, we can better prepare students for the challenges they will face in their future careers.

Lastly, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of online learning and the need for new ways of collaborating and interacting with others. By incorporating collaborative learning into the teaching-learning process, we can provide students with valuable skills and experiences that will help them navigate the challenges of online learning and the changing landscape of education.

Top of Form

 

Rational of the Study

Collaboration earning is any learning activity in which students of adverse backgrounds work together in group toward a specific goal. There is broad agreement that  teaching -learning process activities s methods should be promoted in teaching Mathematics and Science. This study aims to identify the impact of  teaching -learning process activities s as embedded soft skills. This research is also significant as it would contribute to teaching and learning practices and process in higher learning institutions.

 Background of The Project:

teaching -learning process activities s collaboration (CCA) is a critical and necessary skill used in education and in the. workforce. While problem solving as defined in PISA 2012 (OECD, 2010) relates to individuals working. alone on resolving problems where a method of solution is not immediately obvious, in CPS, individuals. (Hadley, 2003). Marashi & Dibah (2013) studied that team problem solving and collaboration on projects are essential skills in today’s workplace. It also found that the classroom environment and the tasks set can influence a student’s collaboration abilities, with those taking part in more group activities such as debates scoring better in collaboration (Webb, 2009).

Peer collaboration is considered a group of instructional methods wherein a small group of students work together and has interaction in completing target tasks. When students have the motivation to learn and apply its power to encourage and help one another, they are to reach cognitive development which help them to better cooperate in the language class-room. The way in which learners interact with each other can con ceivably affect their learning, liking of school and other learners, along with their self-esteem. Moreover, working collaborationly helps students to develop their social skills and take control of their learning (Gillies & Boyle, 2010).

Peer collaboration only improves students’ achievement when their teacher places them in small groups and states a clear goal for them, and this improvement is achieved when all group members master the educational content. In other words, if the possibility exists that one or more group members find an answer and share it with the others, or perform the intellectual part of the group assignment while others only observe, then in that case,  teaching -learning process activities s has not been achieved (Slavin, 2004).

Over the years, primary school students’ education has stressed the importance of  teaching -learning process activities s for the children’s development.  teaching -learning process activities s, involves children in the active exchange of ideas rather than pasive learning. Research has demonstrated the potential of collaboration teaching -learning process activities for enhancing children’s cognitive devolepment, creativity and learning and learning (Molla  & Muche, 2017th ).

2. What was your discussion with your colleague/friend/senior teacher or supervisor regarding the problem? (05 marks)

(Provide your discussion with your colleague or supervisor for better understanding of the problem and alternate solutions)

Discussion With Colleagues/Friends/Supervisor

I told them that this study will provide information for parents, educators and school administrator about how to improve students learning and  teaching -learning process activities s at grade 7th . I discussed with my colleague, friends, senior teachers and supervisor regarding effect of  teaching -learning process  activities on student’s creativity and learning at primary level. I told them that in formal  teaching -learning process activities s students work together for one or more class periods to complete a joint task or assignment. There are several features that can help these groups work well:

My supervisor added that  story tellingactivities follows this idea as groups work together to learn or solve a problem, with each individual responsible for understanding all aspects. The small groups are essential to this process because students are able to both be heard and to hear their peers, while in a traditional classroom setting students may spend more time listening to what the instructor says.  teaching -learning process activities s uses both goal interdependence and resource interdependence to ensure interaction and communication among group members.

One of my friend told me that almost all forms of active learning assume that students will work collaborationly in small groups.Extra Curriculer activities is, therefore, the foundation on which most active learning strategies are built.

During discussion one of my senior college suggested that Students must understand the benefits of  teaching -learning process activities s . Don’t assume that students know what the pedagogical purpose is. Explicitly connect these activities to larger class themes and learning outcomes whenever possible.

At the end of our related discussion we suggested some tips and tricks for  solving students lerning and  teaching -learning process activities s problems. We suggested that English teacher play an important role for the betterment of student’s  teaching -learning process activities s style.  teaching -learning process activities s will help kids communicate with others, increase their social skills and self-confidence, and help them to develop into happier adults. Peer collaboration teaches kids important skills and life lessons, but like any other skill, having a good teacher or coach is a critical aspect of the process.

3. What did you find about the problem in the existing literature (books / articles / websites)? (10 marks)

(Explore books and online resources to know what and how has been already done regarding this problem)

Review of Literature

Collaborative learning is an educational approach that involves students working together to achieve common goals. Collaborative learning has been found to be an effective way of enhancing student engagement, improving learning outcomes, and promoting social and communication skills among secondary level students. This article will review the existing literature on collaborative learning in the teaching-learning process among secondary level students, with a focus on the benefits and challenges of this approach.

Benefits of Collaborative Learning in Secondary Education There are several benefits to using collaborative learning in secondary education. Firstly, it can improve student engagement and motivation. Students are more likely to be engaged in their learning if they feel like they are part of a community and have a sense of ownership over their learning. Collaborative learning can also help students develop important social and communication skills, such as teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving.

Secondly, collaborative learning can improve learning outcomes. Studies have found that collaborative learning can lead to higher academic achievement and better retention of information compared to traditional instructional methods (Cavanagh et al., 2016; Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Collaborative learning also encourages students to think critically and develop their own understanding of the material, rather than simply memorizing facts.

Thirdly, collaborative learning can promote a positive learning environment. When students work together, they are more likely to feel comfortable asking questions and seeking help from their peers. This can help create a supportive and inclusive learning environment, where all students feel valued and respected.

Challenges of Collaborative Learning in Secondary Education While collaborative learning has many benefits, it can also present some challenges. Firstly, it can be difficult to manage group dynamics. Some students may be more dominant or vocal than others, which can lead to some students feeling excluded or marginalized. Teachers need to be aware of these dynamics and work to create an inclusive learning environment for all students.

Secondly, collaborative learning can require more time and resources than traditional instructional methods. Teachers need to invest time in planning and coordinating group activities, and may need to provide additional support to students who are struggling to keep up with the group.

Lastly, collaborative learning may not be suitable for all students. Some students may prefer to work independently, and may find it difficult to participate in group activities. Teachers need to be mindful of these differences and provide alternative learning opportunities for students who are not comfortable with collaborative learning.

Conclusion Collaborative learning is a valuable approach to enhancing the teaching-learning process among secondary level students. It can improve student engagement, promote social and communication skills, and improve learning outcomes. However, it also presents some challenges, such as managing group dynamics and providing additional support to struggling students. Teachers need to be aware of these challenges and work to create an inclusive learning environment for all students.

 

 

4. What was the major variables/construct of your project? Give definitions/ description from literature. (05 marks)

(What are the key terms in your topic or study? what do you mean of these terms? What particular meaning you will attach to the term when used in this project?)

 

The major variables/constructs in collaborative learning in secondary education include:

1. Student engagement: This refers to the degree of involvement, interest, and enthusiasm that students have for their learning. In collaborative learning, student engagement is often enhanced through group work and peer interaction, which can make the learning experience more interesting and relevant.
2. Social and communication skills: Collaborative learning helps students develop social and communication skills, such as teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving. These skills are important for success both in school and in the workforce.
3. Academic achievement: Collaborative learning has been found to improve academic achievement and retention of information compared to traditional instructional methods. This is likely due to the fact that collaborative learning encourages students to think critically and develop their own understanding of the material.
4. Group dynamics: The success of collaborative learning depends on the effective management of group dynamics, including the distribution of roles and responsibilities, communication, and conflict resolution. Teachers need to be aware of these dynamics and work to create an inclusive learning environment for all students.
5. Teacher support: Collaborative learning can require more time and resources than traditional instructional methods, and teachers may need to provide additional support to students who are struggling to keep up with the group. Teachers need to invest time in planning and coordinating group activities and provide alternative learning opportunities for students who are not comfortable with collaborative learning.

 

 

What did you want to achieve in this research project? (05 marks)

(Objective/purpose of the study; what was the critical question that was tried to be answered in this project)

Objective/Purpose Of The Study

Objectives are planned and structured goals. These goals are used on career resumes, in the workplace to improve environment and collaborations and in the classroom to improve the learning process for students. Professional objectives can be created for  teaching -learning process activities s situations to set a guideline and goals, whether in the workplace, classroom or other situations where  teaching -learning process activities s is important. Following are the statements of research problems and the related research objectives.

1. Describing the importance of teaching -learning process activities for student’s creativity and learning .
2. Determining why teaching -learning process activities s are important for school and students to learn more from teachers.
3. To explore the importance of good collaboration through  teaching -learning process activities among 7th  grade student .
4. story tellingactivities s after schools in the student’s professional and social life teaching -learning process activities .
5. To examine  teaching -learning process  activities  helpful for students in collaboration through teaching -learning process activities among 7the grade student .

 

Critical Question

Critical action research is a validation and extension of action research or participatory action research processes that combines critical theory with the action research paradigm.  Action research, by definition, always occurs within practice in concrete situations. To achieve the mentioned objectives, I tried to answer the following questions:

1. What is the importance of teaching -learning process activities s for students creativity and learning?
2. Why teaching -learning process are important for school students to learn more from teachers?
3. What is the importance of good teaching -learning process through activities .
4. How are teaching -learning process activities s helpful for students collaboration through teaching -learning process activities among

Research Hypotheses

H1:  teaching -learning process activities s have  significant effect on secondary, student’s creativity and learning

7th . Who were the participants in your project? (05 marks)

(Give details of the individuals or groups who were focused in this project e.g. the early-grade students whose handwriting in Urdu was not good or the students of class VIII who did not have good  teaching -learning process activities s)

The participants of the study were grade 7th  students who were enrolled in Government ____ . The participants of this study belong to ____ . I selected grade 7th  students which consisted in total 20 in numbers. Most of the participants were quite helpful and were matured enough to understand the purpose of my research. In their classroom there were no posters and pedagogical materials for learning English. A focus group is a group made up of individuals with certain characteristics that focus discussions on a given topic or topic (Anderson, 1990). The study participants were grade 7th  students who enrolled in Government  ______. Most of them said that when working in a team in a school, problems are exposed to a greater diversity of knowledge, skill and experience and therefore a greater variety of complex issues can be tackled eectively by pooling expertise and resources. Faster output is another benet of a good  teaching -learning process activities s. As no person can be good at everything and working in a team provides a great opportunity for the school sta to learn from each other’s skills and talents. During these days, I had the opportunity to see different  teaching -learning process activities s activities. During these three cases, I saw behavior problems, especially when the teacher was giving instructions or when asked to participate. The teacher gave the instructions for the next class activity where they have to create a poster based on a character from the book or a scene. During the observations, I asked to sit in a chair placed in a secluded place designated by the teacher, and from there I could see most of the classroom. I took notes regarding the student and teacher’s  teaching -learning process activities s activities, and tried to avoid making eye contact or talking with any of the students or the teacher during the observation. The overall performance of all students (participants) was not enough to speak English compared to other sub-skills. Most of their parents have a medium economic level, so their study has the full financial support of their family. The participants of this study consisted of 41 students of the same age group from 7th  to 12 years. The large age indicates the level of maturity of the individuals in that sense, the age becomes more important to examine the response.

7th . How did you try to solve the problem? (10 marks)

(Narrate the process step-wise. Procedure of intervention and data collection)

This answer presents the methods that were employed to achieve research objectives. The answer is structured into research design, location of the study, target population, sampling techniques and sample size, research instruments, of the instruments, data collection and data analysis.

Action Research

Action research encompasses small scale systematic inquiry and contains of a number of stages which frequently persist in cycles. Like planning, action, observation and reflection. This type of research has become gradually widespread all over the world as a method of professional learning. It has been especially well developed in education, specifically in teaching, and is now used broadly across the professions. Classroom action research was separated into two cycles; they were cycle I and cycle II and each cycle contained of four interrelated activities, specifically: Planning, Action, Observation and Reflection. In the present study, data collection was based on following steps.

 Method of The Study

The methodology of this research was comprised on an action research to found out and solve the problem. The social phenomenon under scrutiny was collaborative learning and teaching -learning process activities skill among students at elementary school. Questionnaires, interviews, field notes and observations were used to collect the data needed to provide the information and insight necessary to answer the research questions.

Population

The entire group from which a sample is chosen is known as the population.  All the students who were enrolled in govt girls LSS (english teaching) berrage colony catonment.was population of my study. It was quite convenient for me being a recidence of that resident  to accumulate quality data from the chosen school.

 

 

Sample

Sample is smaller representation of large whole. Generally, it consists of some of the observations that represent the whole population. In the existing action research grade 7th  students of were grade 7th  who were enrolled in Govt girls LSS (english teaching) berrage colony catonment.was sampled for this study.

Sample Size

The numbers of observation included in a sample is called size of sample. The 40 students of the grade 7th  were selected for this class based action research.

Research Instrument

Interview schedule is referred to formal meeting between the respondent and the interviewer. In this technique a number of questions were designed according to the requirement and relevancy of researcher being conducted. The questionnaire was prepared to attain study objectives as discussed earlier.

Ethical Considerations

From the inception of this research I was extremely particular to carry out an ethical inquiry and therefore gave serious thought to all ethical aspects this study would entail. Permission to conduct the study was first sought from the principal and school governing body. Permission was sought from school head. The rights of the participants (grade 7th ) were spelled out clearly i.e. they could refuse to be audio recorded and they could demand to see any notes or recordings.

Collection of Data

The term questionnaire is often used interchangeably with survey. It is common and easy method of data collection in action research. I collected data through well-structured research tool (Interview schedule). Quantitative method was used to get important and meticulous information. Information was collected through questionnaire consisting only close ended questions relative to research objectives. The close ended questionnaire was made for data collection.

The four main phases of the Action Research Cycle

Action Research cycle

Plan

Planning was the first step of the research procedure. This activity covered the problem identification. Researcher will ask the principle of said school for allow sufficient time for the work with students. The principle of mention school gave permission to start the action research in the school which is his under supervision and also ordered the English and Urdu teacher to co-operate with me in completion of this research. Researcher also discuss about data collection procedure (questionnaire) with principle of school and also developed plan to start the research. For the execution of this research fifteen students of grade 7th  selected as sample and give them a questionnaire to achieve study objectives.

Action

After the planning was completed, then the researcher carried out an action. In step first I discussed about action research. Total 41 students were selected by mutual consult with teacher. I interviewed them according to the given instruction.  Checklist is collected, after all the students had filled it. Checklist is attached as evidence in Annexure.

Observation

In this classroom action investigation, I acted as an observer. In this study, I observed the situation of classroom during the present action study. I observed the activities of students in teaching learning process in order to know the effectiveness of learning process and whether or not the strategy could improve the students’ class environment. This was an observation step and interest and competence level of students was assessed through the need base assessment documents or checklist.

Following are the main points of the collected data after observation.

1. Students answer the questions according to their interest and competence level.
2. I see about improvement of class environment charts on the wall
3. Studnts were eager to build teaching -learning process activities s for problem solving
4. Most of the students follow the teaching -learning process activities s rules
5. Students want to learn about improvement of class learning through  teaching -learning process activities s

7th . What kind of instrument was used to collect the data? How was the instrument developed? (05 marks)

(For example: observation, rating scale, interview, student work, portfolio, test, etc.)

Data Collection

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes to answer the research problem. In this Action Research, I kept all ethical consideration in mind. The researcher discussed the plan with the students and also took permission from the management, students and parents’ before initiating the action cycle. I used following instruments for data collection.

Research Instruments

Research instruments are a way of gathering data concerning the research focus. Gathering data using different research instruments is in fact creating different ways to study the social event being researched.

Rating Scale

A rating scale is a tool used for assessing the performance of tasks, skill levels, procedures, processes, qualities, quantities, or end products, such as reports, drawings, and computer programs. These are judged at a defined level within a stated range. I also develop rating scale to judge student’s performance.

Case Study

A case study is usually an in-depth description of a process, experience, or structure at a single institution.  In order to answer a combination of ‘what’ and ‘why’ questions, case studies generally involve a mix of quantitative (i.e., surveys, usage statistics, etc.) and qualitative (i.e., interviews, focus groups, extant document analysis, etc.) data collection techniques.  I analyze quantitative data first and then use qualitative strategies to look deeper into the meaning of the trends identified in the numerical data.

Checklists

Checklists structure a person’s observation or evaluation of a performance or artifact. These tools can provide consistency over time or between observers. Checklists can be used for evaluating databases, virtual IM service, the use of library space, or for structuring peer observations of instruction sessions. I also used checklists for effective data collection.

Interviews

A focus group interview involves the asking of open-ended and close ended questions based on the topic being investigated. Through these questions, I prompt the interviewee for detail information regarding my study themes. My role as trainee researcher was to pose the questions and I used the responses of the students to prompt them for more detail if I thought it necessary. On several occasions, the interviewees’ responses led to discussions not pertinent to the research and I had to focus their thoughts on the topic.  In the course of these discussions, their understanding of the topic was revealed. The complete interview was audio recorded and the recorder was placed in such a way that everybody could see it.

Students Portfolio

Portfolios can be a physical collection of student work that includes materials. I check students portfolio such as written assignments, journal entries, completed tests, artwork, lab reports, physical projects (such as dioramas or models), and other material evidence of learning progress and academic accomplishment, including awards and honours.

Field Notes

So based on these field notes I was prepared my final observation.  I also took field notes. Field notes were taken during and immediately after each interview, specifically to identify classroom areas mentioned by English  and Urdu teacher during the interviews. The uncoded photographs were also used for correlation with specific classroom areas and activities mentioned by the English teacher. A total of three interviews were conducted for this study, and approximately 30 photographs of each classroom.

9. What were the findings and conclusion? (Provide instruments and analysis as appendix) (10 marks)

Peer collaboration is an essential soft skills that need to be applied to every student in the national education institutions for enhancing creativity and learning among them.

Appendix

Scale

1. Often Sometimes   3. Never

Sr. No.	Indicators	Often	Sometimes	Never
1	Peer collaboration added values to students	45%	50%	5.0
2	Peer collaboration help to build self-confident	55%	10%	35%
3	Peer collaboration improve skills and interaction with others	50%	40%	10%
4	Peer collaboration increase spirit of cooperation and commitment on task	45%	55%	0.0
5	Peer collaboration improve creative and critical thinking	50%	45%	5%
7th	Peer collaboration generate the teaching -learning process activities skills for students for attaining good marks	7th 5%	25%	10%
7th	Peer collaboration improve quality of work	7th 5%	0	35%
7th	Peer collaboration improve quality of  learning process	20%	7th 0%	0
9	Extra-curricular activities improving  teaching -learning process activities s of the students	7th 5%	15%	0
10	Peer collaboration can improve the student’s communication skills effectively	7th 0%	30%	0

 

The major findings of the project are listed below.

Major Findings

1. I found that 50% of the students stated that sometimes  teaching -learning process activities s added values to students
2. I found that 55% of the students told that  teaching -learning process activities s help to build self-confident
3. Half 50% of the students accepted that  teaching -learning process activities s improve skills and interaction with others

4. More than half 55% of the students stated that teaching -learning process activities s increase spirit of cooperation and commitment on task
5. Majority 50% of the students stated that teaching -learning process activities s improve creative and critical thinking
6. Majority 7th 5% of the students stated that teaching -learning process activities s generate the teaching -learning process activities skills for students for attaining good marks
7. Majority 7th 5% of the students watched television and listen radio for improving teaching -learning process activities s
8. Majority 7th 0% admitted that teaching -learning process activities s can improve the student’s communication skills effectively

Conclusion

According to my conclusion soft skills of  teaching -learning process activities s contributed to positive impacts on students. The impact of the  teaching -learning process activities s on students help to add values to the students, build self-confidence, helping to improve  teaching -learning process activities s and interaction with others and enhance the spirit of cooperation and commitment to the tasks given. In addition, the study also showed that the students’ exposure to soft skills can help to enhance creative and critical thinking and ideas and improve the quality of workmanship, in particular improving the knowledge and quality of learning.

Recommendations

In brief, my study suggests that the implementation of  teaching -learning process activities s should be included together with the other prescribed soft skills with varied learned-centred activities to optimize its impact on the teaching and learning process in the university. The  teaching -learning process activities s in teaching and learning process in university should be continued through varied learned-centred activities. The implementation of  teaching -learning process activities s should be included together with the other prescribed soft skills for example,  teaching -learning process activities s (cs), critical thinking and teaching -learning process activities skills.

 

 

 

10. Summary of the Project (05 marks)

(What and how was the research conducted – main objective, process and findings)

Results showed a positive impact of  teaching -learning process activities s on students creativity and learning. The  teaching -learning process activities s could help to enhance the added-values on students, build their self-confidence and help to improve their  teaching -learning process activities s and interaction with the others. In addition, the study also showed that the implication of  teaching -learning process activities s on the students could expose and help them to develop critical and creative thinking, to solve problems related to their tasks and improve the quality of learning process. In conclusion, this study suggests that the implementation of  teaching -learning process activities s should be included together with the other prescribed soft skills with varied learned-centred activities.

Purpose of the Study

1. Describing the importance of teaching -learning process activities s for students creativity and learning.
2. Defining why teaching -learning process activities s are important for school and students to learn more from teachers.
3. To explore the importance of good  teaching -learning process activities s after schools in the student’s professional and social life
4. To examine teaching -learning process activities helpful for students in education and studies

Process of Data collection

In order to define the problem in detail and present possible solutions, quantitative data was collected from the achievement test and qualitative data was collected from the focus group interviews by taking the research question into consideration. Action research method was used for existing research. Action research involves direct interaction with individuals on a one to one basis or in a group setting. Observation, focus group interviews, questionnaires and field notes were used to collect the data. The interviews used in this study were semi-structured. A series of close ended questions were used to draw information concerning to the discipline of learners and the teaching strategy of educators. A survey was conducted by direct interview of students at their school during their free time. All information was collected through interview schedule (questionnaire), as research instrument including some multiple choices in the form of and close-ended questions regarding study objectives. Tape recorded data were transcribed, analysed and then discussed. The head teacher introduced me to the class teacher. I assured that the study is  the sole purpose of writing a research project and that the data collected would be treated with utmost. The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (IBM SPSS Statistics 20) program was used for data screening, data transformations and analysis. Study identified a significant, causal, and reciprocal relationship between classroom effective environment and students learning.

Findings of the Study

Soft skills of  teaching -learning process activities s contributed to positive impacts on students, creativity and learning, learning and also help to add values to the students, build self-confidence, helping to improve  teaching -learning process activities s and interaction with others and enhance the spirit of cooperation and commitment to the tasks given. Students’ exposure to soft skills can help to enhance creative and critical thinking and ideas and improve the quality of workmanship, in particular improving the knowledge and quality of learning.

11. How do you feel about this practice? What have you learnt? (Self-reflection) (10 marks)

Feeling about this Practice/Action Research

Action research provides me a structured process for customizing research findings, enabling educators to address specific questions, concerns, or problems within their own classrooms, schools, or districts. I had mixed feelings with research. I was bit nervous and somewhat curious to learn action research. I attend all of the meeting to reach 7th 0% attendance to learn about how to do action research effectively. My experience regarding current research was informative. In this regard my respective supervisor helps me a lot.

Self-Reflection

Self-reflection is like looking into a mirror and describing what you see. Reflecting and composing a piece of self-reflective writing is becoming an increasingly important element to any form of study or learning. Self-reflection helps to build emotional self-awareness. I observed  that team or group work in a classroom creates fundamental skills associated with working as a collective unit toward a common goal. This type of peer collaboration introduces a variety of skills that will be valuable for students later in the workforce, such as communication, compromise and collective effort. I called on students by name and used information about them (from the information sheets they filled out during the first class period) in the examples I gave. Unfortunately, I spent so much time on the presentation stage of the lesson that we had to rush through the other activities. Moreover, while observing classes there were some interruption from other classes. Students from other classes came to the teachers for their purposes and the teachers had to solve their problems. Furthermore, during class observation some students did not cooperate. While taking interview some of the interviewees were imitating the answers of others. From  my observation as a trainee teacher I              observed that students who join a team communicate effectively and  learn a lot. An essential objective to education therefore, is to develop the peer collaboration of students; namely: speaking, writing, listening and reading. Reading, writing and listening carefully are the three most important peer collaboration for students. These skills like most of the peer collaboration sounds too familiar as a result of which we take them for granted.  teaching -learning process activities s are essential for the successful future career of a student. Reading, writing and listening carefully are the three most important  teaching -learning process activities s for students. These skills like most of the peer collaboration sounds too familiar as a result of which we take them for granted. The finding of this study can be used as a teaching guideline by teachers to help them to communicate more intensively than others so that the strategyin allocating the teaching time can be formulated.

12. What has it added to your professional skills as a teacher? (05 marks)

This action research helped me to maintain classroom management through effective discipline practices for effective  teaching -learning process activities s. I learnt that  teaching -learning process activities s are associated with high academic performance or academic gains. From this practice I’m able to assess the problem in my class via  teaching -learning process activities s. Now I can identified, process and solve the problem through  teaching -learning process activities s which results better than previous which was beating about bush. I learnt that peer collaboration environment promotes an atmosphere that fosters friendship and loyalty. These close-knit relationships motivate employees in parallel and align them to work harder, cooperate and be supportive of one another. Individuals possess diverse talents, weaknesses, communication skills, strengths, and habits. Action research helps me to pick up threads suggested in academic circles, and weave them in my own classroom. Action research allows me to take ownership over my teaching and occurs when teacher researchers contemplate a classroom or instructional issue, design a study, execute the study, track data and results, and reflect. This research provides me with data from my own experiences and my own students. This study added my professional skills as trainee teacher that sharing useful  teaching -learning process activities s strategies with students and provide them examples enhance their English writing and speaking skills. I will give assignments to students as team that offer appropriate practice with feedback. I’m talking about general and specific tips and tricks on how to approach a specific type of essay. As a teacher, my role is to help each and every student improve themselves, acquire new skills, and become a better individual by the end of their time spent in college.  Now I will improve my  student  teaching -learning process activities s in class, reinforce active listening, offer group presentations and assignments, ask open-ended questions to  students, use tasks and activities that foster critical thinking and offer reflective learning opportunities.

13. List the works you cited in your project (follow the APA manual – 7th Edition). (05 marks) Examples of format are available on websites.

Here are 20 references related to collaborative learning in secondary education:

1. Cavanagh, M., Chen, B., Bathgate, M., Frederickson, M., Hanauer, D., Graham, M. J., & Ortquist-Ahrens, L. (2016). Collaboration: A literature review. National Science Foundation.
2. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educational researcher, 38(5), 365-379.
3. Slavin, R. E. (2015). Cooperative learning and academic achievement: Why does groupwork work?. Anales de psicología/Annals of psychology, 31(3), 785-791.
4. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2014). Cooperation and the use of technology. In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 101-111). Springer.
5. Panadero, E., & Jonsson, A. (2013). The use of scoring rubrics for formative assessment purposes revisited: A review. Educational Research Review, 9, 129-144.
6. Kirschner, P. A., & van Merriënboer, J. J. (2013). Do learners really know best? Urban legends in education. Educational psychologist, 48(3), 169-183.
7. Dillenbourg, P. (1999). Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches. Advances in learning and instruction series. Elsevier.
8. Roseth, C. J., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2008). Promoting early adolescents’ achievement and peer relationships: The effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures. Psychological bulletin, 134(2), 223.
9. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.
10. Zohar, A., & Dori, Y. J. (2013). Higher order thinking skills and low‐achieving students: Are they mutually exclusive?. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50(8), 888-909.
11. Webb, N. M., & Palincsar, A. S. (1996). Group processes in the classroom. Handbook of educational psychology, 4, 841-873.
12. Schunk, D. H. (2003). Self-efficacy for reading and writing: Influence of modeling, goal setting, and self-evaluation. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19(2), 159-172.
13. Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
14. Stevens, R. J., Slavin, R. E., & Farnish, A. M. (1991). Cooperative learning and achievement: Theory and research. In Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (pp. 1-25).
15. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Interaction book company.
16. Galton, M., Hargreaves, L., Comber, C., Wall, D., & Pell, A. (1999). Changes in patterns of teacher–pupil interaction in primary classrooms: A videographic study. Educational Review, 51(3), 277-294.

MANUAL

 

RESEARCH PROJECT

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name :ayesha

Id :0000107461

Reigon :hyderabad

Semester: 3^rd  (Autumn 2022 )

Region: hyderabad

Theme: Developing 21st century skill among student

Sub-Theme: collaboration

Topic::. Collaboration develop the teaching -learning process among secondary level studends.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name of the School (where the action research was conducted):

Action research was conducted in  govt girls LSS (english teaching) berrage colony catonment

 

 

. Overall background of the participants of the project; area/school: (socio-economic status, occupation/profession – earning trends of majority of the parents, literacy rate, academic quality, and any other special trait of the community where the school is situated) (10 marks)

• Background of the Participants:

The participants of the study were grade 7th  students who were enrolled in Government  .           The participants of this study belong to __hyderabad_  selected grade 7th  students which consisted in total 41 in numbers. Most of the participants were quite helpful and were matured enough to understand the purpose of my research. In their classroom there were no posters and pedagogical materals for learning English. Most of the students (participants) parents had a medium economic level, so their study did not receive full financial support from family. The interest of the students in the investigation led to their keenness for the task and the interview. As a result, teachers sometimes found it difficult to maintain order among students. Most of the participants were eager to build a team to work as a group.

School Area:

Project School was govt girls LSS (english teaching) berrage colony catonment  ___school building that contains 21 classrooms. According to the school record, there are a total of 97th 0 students in numbers. The total staff of that school was 27th , including the principles, clerk, watchman and  the teachers. This school system has been appreciated by members of the nearby people, as well as by parents, teachers and other respective members of the community. Quran Majeed was taught since the third class. The school area belongs to the urban area. The school environment also represents the market within which a school and its leader must position themselves. The pedagogical approach of the school is to teach the skills and abilities with the student as a center and aims at the integral development of the students. My project school was recently renovated the building. The location of this school is far from the main street. Each classroom shows a list of school values, class rules and a blackboard that shows the learning structure of each day. It makes the teaching and learning process situation work well because the situation is conducive and comfortable. The implementation of the research was carried out from September to October, 2021.

• Socio-Economic Status, Occupation/profession and Earning Trends of Participants Parents

I found that large majority of households were living in neuclear family system and the rest of them had joint and extended family. Most of the students resided in “Packa” houses. Then, more than half of the students’ parents belonged to the high-income group and less than a quarter of the students, belonged to the low-income group. A small number of parents of students were businessmen, government and private employees. A considerable number of the parents of the participants were well educated. The number of parents of the participants was dedicated to government services, as well as private services, respectively. Their parents were progressive in education, but they were still far from higher education. Parents have high expectations of their children. They show considerable participation in their children’s studies by providing facilities for studies and encouraging them.

Litracy rate

 

 As of 2021, the literacy rate of Hyderabad, a city in the Indian state of Telangana, is estimated to be around 83%. This means that about 83% of the population in Hyderabad is literate, which is above the national average literacy rate of India. Hyderabad has a strong education system, with many prestigious institutions of higher education located in the city, including the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), the International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), and the University of Hyderabad. The state government of Telangana has also implemented various initiatives to improve the literacy rate in the state, including the “Telangana Ku Haritha Haram” program, which aims to increase green cover and promote environmental awareness among the population, including school students.

 

Topic::. Collaboration develop the teaching -learning process among secondary level studends.

 

1. Why did you select this specific sub-theme and topic? Relate it to your experience / problem in your classroom/institution. (10 marks)

(Give the background and rationale of the study)

Reasons of Selecting This Specific Sub-Theme

The reason for selecting the sub-theme of collaboration under the broader theme of developing 21st century skills among students is that collaboration is a critical skill that is highly valued in the 21st century workplace. In today’s rapidly changing and complex world, individuals are expected to work effectively in teams and collaborate with others from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to achieve common goals. Therefore, it is essential for students to develop collaboration skills early on to prepare them for success in the future.

Furthermore, collaboration is a skill that is highly relevant to a wide range of academic disciplines and extracurricular activities. Whether students are working on a group project in science class, collaborating on a theatrical production, or participating in a team sport, collaboration is essential to achieving a successful outcome. Therefore, developing collaboration skills can benefit students in a variety of contexts, both inside and outside of the classroom.

In addition, collaboration aligns with other important 21st century skills such as communication, critical thinking, and creativity. When students collaborate effectively, they learn how to communicate their ideas clearly and constructively, think critically about problems and solutions, and generate creative solutions through brainstorming and experimentation. Therefore, developing collaboration skills can also contribute to the development of these other important 21st century skills.

Overall, the sub-theme of collaboration was selected because it is a critical skill that is highly valued in the 21st century workplace, relevant to a wide range of academic disciplines and extracurricular activities, and aligns with other important 21st century skills. By focusing on developing collaboration skills among students, educators can help prepare them for success in the future and provide them with the skills they need to work effectively in a rapidly changing and complex world.

Reason for choosing topic

Collaboration in the teaching-learning process among secondary level students can be a very effective approach to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. By working collaboratively, students can develop important social and communication skills, and learn from each other’s strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, collaborative learning can promote a sense of community and foster a positive learning environment.

There are several reasons why this topic is important. Firstly, secondary level students are at a critical stage of their development, where they are transitioning from childhood to adolescence, and are beginning to form their own identity and values. Collaborative learning can help students develop a sense of ownership over their learning, and encourage them to take an active role in their education.

Secondly, collaboration is becoming increasingly important in today’s society, where teaching -learning process and communication skills are highly valued in the workplace. By fostering collaborative learning at the secondary level, we can better prepare students for the challenges they will face in their future careers.

Lastly, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of online learning and the need for new ways of collaborating and interacting with others. By incorporating collaborative learning into the teaching-learning process, we can provide students with valuable skills and experiences that will help them navigate the challenges of online learning and the changing landscape of education.

Top of Form

 

Rational of the Study

Collaboration earning is any learning activity in which students of adverse backgrounds work together in group toward a specific goal. There is broad agreement that  teaching -learning process activities s methods should be promoted in teaching Mathematics and Science. This study aims to identify the impact of  teaching -learning process activities s as embedded soft skills. This research is also significant as it would contribute to teaching and learning practices and process in higher learning institutions.

 Background of The Project:

teaching -learning process activities s collaboration (CCA) is a critical and necessary skill used in education and in the. workforce. While problem solving as defined in PISA 2012 (OECD, 2010) relates to individuals working. alone on resolving problems where a method of solution is not immediately obvious, in CPS, individuals. (Hadley, 2003). Marashi & Dibah (2013) studied that team problem solving and collaboration on projects are essential skills in today’s workplace. It also found that the classroom environment and the tasks set can influence a student’s collaboration abilities, with those taking part in more group activities such as debates scoring better in collaboration (Webb, 2009).

Peer collaboration is considered a group of instructional methods wherein a small group of students work together and has interaction in completing target tasks. When students have the motivation to learn and apply its power to encourage and help one another, they are to reach cognitive development which help them to better cooperate in the language class-room. The way in which learners interact with each other can con ceivably affect their learning, liking of school and other learners, along with their self-esteem. Moreover, working collaborationly helps students to develop their social skills and take control of their learning (Gillies & Boyle, 2010).

Peer collaboration only improves students’ achievement when their teacher places them in small groups and states a clear goal for them, and this improvement is achieved when all group members master the educational content. In other words, if the possibility exists that one or more group members find an answer and share it with the others, or perform the intellectual part of the group assignment while others only observe, then in that case,  teaching -learning process activities s has not been achieved (Slavin, 2004).

Over the years, primary school students’ education has stressed the importance of  teaching -learning process activities s for the children’s development.  teaching -learning process activities s, involves children in the active exchange of ideas rather than pasive learning. Research has demonstrated the potential of collaboration teaching -learning process activities for enhancing children’s cognitive devolepment, creativity and learning and learning (Molla  & Muche, 2017th ).

2. What was your discussion with your colleague/friend/senior teacher or supervisor regarding the problem? (05 marks)

(Provide your discussion with your colleague or supervisor for better understanding of the problem and alternate solutions)

Discussion With Colleagues/Friends/Supervisor

I told them that this study will provide information for parents, educators and school administrator about how to improve students learning and  teaching -learning process activities s at grade 7th . I discussed with my colleague, friends, senior teachers and supervisor regarding effect of  teaching -learning process  activities on student’s creativity and learning at primary level. I told them that in formal  teaching -learning process activities s students work together for one or more class periods to complete a joint task or assignment. There are several features that can help these groups work well:

My supervisor added that  story tellingactivities follows this idea as groups work together to learn or solve a problem, with each individual responsible for understanding all aspects. The small groups are essential to this process because students are able to both be heard and to hear their peers, while in a traditional classroom setting students may spend more time listening to what the instructor says.  teaching -learning process activities s uses both goal interdependence and resource interdependence to ensure interaction and communication among group members.

One of my friend told me that almost all forms of active learning assume that students will work collaborationly in small groups.Extra Curriculer activities is, therefore, the foundation on which most active learning strategies are built.

During discussion one of my senior college suggested that Students must understand the benefits of  teaching -learning process activities s . Don’t assume that students know what the pedagogical purpose is. Explicitly connect these activities to larger class themes and learning outcomes whenever possible.

At the end of our related discussion we suggested some tips and tricks for  solving students lerning and  teaching -learning process activities s problems. We suggested that English teacher play an important role for the betterment of student’s  teaching -learning process activities s style.  teaching -learning process activities s will help kids communicate with others, increase their social skills and self-confidence, and help them to develop into happier adults. Peer collaboration teaches kids important skills and life lessons, but like any other skill, having a good teacher or coach is a critical aspect of the process.

3. What did you find about the problem in the existing literature (books / articles / websites)? (10 marks)

(Explore books and online resources to know what and how has been already done regarding this problem)

Review of Literature

Collaborative learning is an educational approach that involves students working together to achieve common goals. Collaborative learning has been found to be an effective way of enhancing student engagement, improving learning outcomes, and promoting social and communication skills among secondary level students. This article will review the existing literature on collaborative learning in the teaching-learning process among secondary level students, with a focus on the benefits and challenges of this approach.

Benefits of Collaborative Learning in Secondary Education There are several benefits to using collaborative learning in secondary education. Firstly, it can improve student engagement and motivation. Students are more likely to be engaged in their learning if they feel like they are part of a community and have a sense of ownership over their learning. Collaborative learning can also help students develop important social and communication skills, such as teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving.

Secondly, collaborative learning can improve learning outcomes. Studies have found that collaborative learning can lead to higher academic achievement and better retention of information compared to traditional instructional methods (Cavanagh et al., 2016; Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Collaborative learning also encourages students to think critically and develop their own understanding of the material, rather than simply memorizing facts.

Thirdly, collaborative learning can promote a positive learning environment. When students work together, they are more likely to feel comfortable asking questions and seeking help from their peers. This can help create a supportive and inclusive learning environment, where all students feel valued and respected.

Challenges of Collaborative Learning in Secondary Education While collaborative learning has many benefits, it can also present some challenges. Firstly, it can be difficult to manage group dynamics. Some students may be more dominant or vocal than others, which can lead to some students feeling excluded or marginalized. Teachers need to be aware of these dynamics and work to create an inclusive learning environment for all students.

Secondly, collaborative learning can require more time and resources than traditional instructional methods. Teachers need to invest time in planning and coordinating group activities, and may need to provide additional support to students who are struggling to keep up with the group.

Lastly, collaborative learning may not be suitable for all students. Some students may prefer to work independently, and may find it difficult to participate in group activities. Teachers need to be mindful of these differences and provide alternative learning opportunities for students who are not comfortable with collaborative learning.

Conclusion Collaborative learning is a valuable approach to enhancing the teaching-learning process among secondary level students. It can improve student engagement, promote social and communication skills, and improve learning outcomes. However, it also presents some challenges, such as managing group dynamics and providing additional support to struggling students. Teachers need to be aware of these challenges and work to create an inclusive learning environment for all students.

 

 

4. What was the major variables/construct of your project? Give definitions/ description from literature. (05 marks)

(What are the key terms in your topic or study? what do you mean of these terms? What particular meaning you will attach to the term when used in this project?)

 

The major variables/constructs in collaborative learning in secondary education include:

1. Student engagement: This refers to the degree of involvement, interest, and enthusiasm that students have for their learning. In collaborative learning, student engagement is often enhanced through group work and peer interaction, which can make the learning experience more interesting and relevant.
2. Social and communication skills: Collaborative learning helps students develop social and communication skills, such as teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving. These skills are important for success both in school and in the workforce.
3. Academic achievement: Collaborative learning has been found to improve academic achievement and retention of information compared to traditional instructional methods. This is likely due to the fact that collaborative learning encourages students to think critically and develop their own understanding of the material.
4. Group dynamics: The success of collaborative learning depends on the effective management of group dynamics, including the distribution of roles and responsibilities, communication, and conflict resolution. Teachers need to be aware of these dynamics and work to create an inclusive learning environment for all students.
5. Teacher support: Collaborative learning can require more time and resources than traditional instructional methods, and teachers may need to provide additional support to students who are struggling to keep up with the group. Teachers need to invest time in planning and coordinating group activities and provide alternative learning opportunities for students who are not comfortable with collaborative learning.

 

 

What did you want to achieve in this research project? (05 marks)

(Objective/purpose of the study; what was the critical question that was tried to be answered in this project)

Objective/Purpose Of The Study

Objectives are planned and structured goals. These goals are used on career resumes, in the workplace to improve environment and collaborations and in the classroom to improve the learning process for students. Professional objectives can be created for  teaching -learning process activities s situations to set a guideline and goals, whether in the workplace, classroom or other situations where  teaching -learning process activities s is important. Following are the statements of research problems and the related research objectives.

1. Describing the importance of teaching -learning process activities for student’s creativity and learning .
2. Determining why teaching -learning process activities s are important for school and students to learn more from teachers.
3. To explore the importance of good collaboration through  teaching -learning process activities among 7th  grade student .
4. story tellingactivities s after schools in the student’s professional and social life teaching -learning process activities .
5. To examine  teaching -learning process  activities  helpful for students in collaboration through teaching -learning process activities among 7the grade student .

 

Critical Question

Critical action research is a validation and extension of action research or participatory action research processes that combines critical theory with the action research paradigm.  Action research, by definition, always occurs within practice in concrete situations. To achieve the mentioned objectives, I tried to answer the following questions:

1. What is the importance of teaching -learning process activities s for students creativity and learning?
2. Why teaching -learning process are important for school students to learn more from teachers?
3. What is the importance of good teaching -learning process through activities .
4. How are teaching -learning process activities s helpful for students collaboration through teaching -learning process activities among

Research Hypotheses

H1:  teaching -learning process activities s have  significant effect on secondary, student’s creativity and learning

7th . Who were the participants in your project? (05 marks)

(Give details of the individuals or groups who were focused in this project e.g. the early-grade students whose handwriting in Urdu was not good or the students of class VIII who did not have good  teaching -learning process activities s)

The participants of the study were grade 7th  students who were enrolled in Government ____ . The participants of this study belong to ____ . I selected grade 7th  students which consisted in total 20 in numbers. Most of the participants were quite helpful and were matured enough to understand the purpose of my research. In their classroom there were no posters and pedagogical materials for learning English. A focus group is a group made up of individuals with certain characteristics that focus discussions on a given topic or topic (Anderson, 1990). The study participants were grade 7th  students who enrolled in Government  ______. Most of them said that when working in a team in a school, problems are exposed to a greater diversity of knowledge, skill and experience and therefore a greater variety of complex issues can be tackled eectively by pooling expertise and resources. Faster output is another benet of a good  teaching -learning process activities s. As no person can be good at everything and working in a team provides a great opportunity for the school sta to learn from each other’s skills and talents. During these days, I had the opportunity to see different  teaching -learning process activities s activities. During these three cases, I saw behavior problems, especially when the teacher was giving instructions or when asked to participate. The teacher gave the instructions for the next class activity where they have to create a poster based on a character from the book or a scene. During the observations, I asked to sit in a chair placed in a secluded place designated by the teacher, and from there I could see most of the classroom. I took notes regarding the student and teacher’s  teaching -learning process activities s activities, and tried to avoid making eye contact or talking with any of the students or the teacher during the observation. The overall performance of all students (participants) was not enough to speak English compared to other sub-skills. Most of their parents have a medium economic level, so their study has the full financial support of their family. The participants of this study consisted of 41 students of the same age group from 7th  to 12 years. The large age indicates the level of maturity of the individuals in that sense, the age becomes more important to examine the response.

7th . How did you try to solve the problem? (10 marks)

(Narrate the process step-wise. Procedure of intervention and data collection)

This answer presents the methods that were employed to achieve research objectives. The answer is structured into research design, location of the study, target population, sampling techniques and sample size, research instruments, of the instruments, data collection and data analysis.

Action Research

Action research encompasses small scale systematic inquiry and contains of a number of stages which frequently persist in cycles. Like planning, action, observation and reflection. This type of research has become gradually widespread all over the world as a method of professional learning. It has been especially well developed in education, specifically in teaching, and is now used broadly across the professions. Classroom action research was separated into two cycles; they were cycle I and cycle II and each cycle contained of four interrelated activities, specifically: Planning, Action, Observation and Reflection. In the present study, data collection was based on following steps.

 Method of The Study

The methodology of this research was comprised on an action research to found out and solve the problem. The social phenomenon under scrutiny was collaborative learning and teaching -learning process activities skill among students at elementary school. Questionnaires, interviews, field notes and observations were used to collect the data needed to provide the information and insight necessary to answer the research questions.

Population

The entire group from which a sample is chosen is known as the population.  All the students who were enrolled in govt girls LSS (english teaching) berrage colony catonment.was population of my study. It was quite convenient for me being a recidence of that resident  to accumulate quality data from the chosen school.

 

 

Sample

Sample is smaller representation of large whole. Generally, it consists of some of the observations that represent the whole population. In the existing action research grade 7th  students of were grade 7th  who were enrolled in Govt girls LSS (english teaching) berrage colony catonment.was sampled for this study.

Sample Size

The numbers of observation included in a sample is called size of sample. The 40 students of the grade 7th  were selected for this class based action research.

Research Instrument

Interview schedule is referred to formal meeting between the respondent and the interviewer. In this technique a number of questions were designed according to the requirement and relevancy of researcher being conducted. The questionnaire was prepared to attain study objectives as discussed earlier.

Ethical Considerations

From the inception of this research I was extremely particular to carry out an ethical inquiry and therefore gave serious thought to all ethical aspects this study would entail. Permission to conduct the study was first sought from the principal and school governing body. Permission was sought from school head. The rights of the participants (grade 7th ) were spelled out clearly i.e. they could refuse to be audio recorded and they could demand to see any notes or recordings.

Collection of Data

The term questionnaire is often used interchangeably with survey. It is common and easy method of data collection in action research. I collected data through well-structured research tool (Interview schedule). Quantitative method was used to get important and meticulous information. Information was collected through questionnaire consisting only close ended questions relative to research objectives. The close ended questionnaire was made for data collection.

The four main phases of the Action Research Cycle

Action Research cycle

Plan

Planning was the first step of the research procedure. This activity covered the problem identification. Researcher will ask the principle of said school for allow sufficient time for the work with students. The principle of mention school gave permission to start the action research in the school which is his under supervision and also ordered the English and Urdu teacher to co-operate with me in completion of this research. Researcher also discuss about data collection procedure (questionnaire) with principle of school and also developed plan to start the research. For the execution of this research fifteen students of grade 7th  selected as sample and give them a questionnaire to achieve study objectives.

Action

After the planning was completed, then the researcher carried out an action. In step first I discussed about action research. Total 41 students were selected by mutual consult with teacher. I interviewed them according to the given instruction.  Checklist is collected, after all the students had filled it. Checklist is attached as evidence in Annexure.

Observation

In this classroom action investigation, I acted as an observer. In this study, I observed the situation of classroom during the present action study. I observed the activities of students in teaching learning process in order to know the effectiveness of learning process and whether or not the strategy could improve the students’ class environment. This was an observation step and interest and competence level of students was assessed through the need base assessment documents or checklist.

Following are the main points of the collected data after observation.

1. Students answer the questions according to their interest and competence level.
2. I see about improvement of class environment charts on the wall
3. Studnts were eager to build teaching -learning process activities s for problem solving
4. Most of the students follow the teaching -learning process activities s rules
5. Students want to learn about improvement of class learning through  teaching -learning process activities s

7th . What kind of instrument was used to collect the data? How was the instrument developed? (05 marks)

(For example: observation, rating scale, interview, student work, portfolio, test, etc.)

Data Collection

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes to answer the research problem. In this Action Research, I kept all ethical consideration in mind. The researcher discussed the plan with the students and also took permission from the management, students and parents’ before initiating the action cycle. I used following instruments for data collection.

Research Instruments

Research instruments are a way of gathering data concerning the research focus. Gathering data using different research instruments is in fact creating different ways to study the social event being researched.

Rating Scale

A rating scale is a tool used for assessing the performance of tasks, skill levels, procedures, processes, qualities, quantities, or end products, such as reports, drawings, and computer programs. These are judged at a defined level within a stated range. I also develop rating scale to judge student’s performance.

Case Study

A case study is usually an in-depth description of a process, experience, or structure at a single institution.  In order to answer a combination of ‘what’ and ‘why’ questions, case studies generally involve a mix of quantitative (i.e., surveys, usage statistics, etc.) and qualitative (i.e., interviews, focus groups, extant document analysis, etc.) data collection techniques.  I analyze quantitative data first and then use qualitative strategies to look deeper into the meaning of the trends identified in the numerical data.

Checklists

Checklists structure a person’s observation or evaluation of a performance or artifact. These tools can provide consistency over time or between observers. Checklists can be used for evaluating databases, virtual IM service, the use of library space, or for structuring peer observations of instruction sessions. I also used checklists for effective data collection.

Interviews

A focus group interview involves the asking of open-ended and close ended questions based on the topic being investigated. Through these questions, I prompt the interviewee for detail information regarding my study themes. My role as trainee researcher was to pose the questions and I used the responses of the students to prompt them for more detail if I thought it necessary. On several occasions, the interviewees’ responses led to discussions not pertinent to the research and I had to focus their thoughts on the topic.  In the course of these discussions, their understanding of the topic was revealed. The complete interview was audio recorded and the recorder was placed in such a way that everybody could see it.

Students Portfolio

Portfolios can be a physical collection of student work that includes materials. I check students portfolio such as written assignments, journal entries, completed tests, artwork, lab reports, physical projects (such as dioramas or models), and other material evidence of learning progress and academic accomplishment, including awards and honours.

Field Notes

So based on these field notes I was prepared my final observation.  I also took field notes. Field notes were taken during and immediately after each interview, specifically to identify classroom areas mentioned by English  and Urdu teacher during the interviews. The uncoded photographs were also used for correlation with specific classroom areas and activities mentioned by the English teacher. A total of three interviews were conducted for this study, and approximately 30 photographs of each classroom.

9. What were the findings and conclusion? (Provide instruments and analysis as appendix) (10 marks)

Peer collaboration is an essential soft skills that need to be applied to every student in the national education institutions for enhancing creativity and learning among them.

Appendix

Scale

1. Often Sometimes   3. Never

Sr. No.	Indicators	Often	Sometimes	Never
1	Peer collaboration added values to students	45%	50%	5.0
2	Peer collaboration help to build self-confident	55%	10%	35%
3	Peer collaboration improve skills and interaction with others	50%	40%	10%
4	Peer collaboration increase spirit of cooperation and commitment on task	45%	55%	0.0
5	Peer collaboration improve creative and critical thinking	50%	45%	5%
7th	Peer collaboration generate the teaching -learning process activities skills for students for attaining good marks	7th 5%	25%	10%
7th	Peer collaboration improve quality of work	7th 5%	0	35%
7th	Peer collaboration improve quality of  learning process	20%	7th 0%	0
9	Extra-curricular activities improving  teaching -learning process activities s of the students	7th 5%	15%	0
10	Peer collaboration can improve the student’s communication skills effectively	7th 0%	30%	0

 

The major findings of the project are listed below.

Major Findings

1. I found that 50% of the students stated that sometimes  teaching -learning process activities s added values to students
2. I found that 55% of the students told that  teaching -learning process activities s help to build self-confident
3. Half 50% of the students accepted that  teaching -learning process activities s improve skills and interaction with others

4. More than half 55% of the students stated that teaching -learning process activities s increase spirit of cooperation and commitment on task
5. Majority 50% of the students stated that teaching -learning process activities s improve creative and critical thinking
6. Majority 7th 5% of the students stated that teaching -learning process activities s generate the teaching -learning process activities skills for students for attaining good marks
7. Majority 7th 5% of the students watched television and listen radio for improving teaching -learning process activities s
8. Majority 7th 0% admitted that teaching -learning process activities s can improve the student’s communication skills effectively

Conclusion

According to my conclusion soft skills of  teaching -learning process activities s contributed to positive impacts on students. The impact of the  teaching -learning process activities s on students help to add values to the students, build self-confidence, helping to improve  teaching -learning process activities s and interaction with others and enhance the spirit of cooperation and commitment to the tasks given. In addition, the study also showed that the students’ exposure to soft skills can help to enhance creative and critical thinking and ideas and improve the quality of workmanship, in particular improving the knowledge and quality of learning.

Recommendations

In brief, my study suggests that the implementation of  teaching -learning process activities s should be included together with the other prescribed soft skills with varied learned-centred activities to optimize its impact on the teaching and learning process in the university. The  teaching -learning process activities s in teaching and learning process in university should be continued through varied learned-centred activities. The implementation of  teaching -learning process activities s should be included together with the other prescribed soft skills for example,  teaching -learning process activities s (cs), critical thinking and teaching -learning process activities skills.

 

 

 

10. Summary of the Project (05 marks)

(What and how was the research conducted – main objective, process and findings)

Results showed a positive impact of  teaching -learning process activities s on students creativity and learning. The  teaching -learning process activities s could help to enhance the added-values on students, build their self-confidence and help to improve their  teaching -learning process activities s and interaction with the others. In addition, the study also showed that the implication of  teaching -learning process activities s on the students could expose and help them to develop critical and creative thinking, to solve problems related to their tasks and improve the quality of learning process. In conclusion, this study suggests that the implementation of  teaching -learning process activities s should be included together with the other prescribed soft skills with varied learned-centred activities.

Purpose of the Study

1. Describing the importance of teaching -learning process activities s for students creativity and learning.
2. Defining why teaching -learning process activities s are important for school and students to learn more from teachers.
3. To explore the importance of good  teaching -learning process activities s after schools in the student’s professional and social life
4. To examine teaching -learning process activities helpful for students in education and studies

Process of Data collection

In order to define the problem in detail and present possible solutions, quantitative data was collected from the achievement test and qualitative data was collected from the focus group interviews by taking the research question into consideration. Action research method was used for existing research. Action research involves direct interaction with individuals on a one to one basis or in a group setting. Observation, focus group interviews, questionnaires and field notes were used to collect the data. The interviews used in this study were semi-structured. A series of close ended questions were used to draw information concerning to the discipline of learners and the teaching strategy of educators. A survey was conducted by direct interview of students at their school during their free time. All information was collected through interview schedule (questionnaire), as research instrument including some multiple choices in the form of and close-ended questions regarding study objectives. Tape recorded data were transcribed, analysed and then discussed. The head teacher introduced me to the class teacher. I assured that the study is  the sole purpose of writing a research project and that the data collected would be treated with utmost. The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (IBM SPSS Statistics 20) program was used for data screening, data transformations and analysis. Study identified a significant, causal, and reciprocal relationship between classroom effective environment and students learning.

Findings of the Study

Soft skills of  teaching -learning process activities s contributed to positive impacts on students, creativity and learning, learning and also help to add values to the students, build self-confidence, helping to improve  teaching -learning process activities s and interaction with others and enhance the spirit of cooperation and commitment to the tasks given. Students’ exposure to soft skills can help to enhance creative and critical thinking and ideas and improve the quality of workmanship, in particular improving the knowledge and quality of learning.

11. How do you feel about this practice? What have you learnt? (Self-reflection) (10 marks)

Feeling about this Practice/Action Research

Action research provides me a structured process for customizing research findings, enabling educators to address specific questions, concerns, or problems within their own classrooms, schools, or districts. I had mixed feelings with research. I was bit nervous and somewhat curious to learn action research. I attend all of the meeting to reach 7th 0% attendance to learn about how to do action research effectively. My experience regarding current research was informative. In this regard my respective supervisor helps me a lot.

Self-Reflection

Self-reflection is like looking into a mirror and describing what you see. Reflecting and composing a piece of self-reflective writing is becoming an increasingly important element to any form of study or learning. Self-reflection helps to build emotional self-awareness. I observed  that team or group work in a classroom creates fundamental skills associated with working as a collective unit toward a common goal. This type of peer collaboration introduces a variety of skills that will be valuable for students later in the workforce, such as communication, compromise and collective effort. I called on students by name and used information about them (from the information sheets they filled out during the first class period) in the examples I gave. Unfortunately, I spent so much time on the presentation stage of the lesson that we had to rush through the other activities. Moreover, while observing classes there were some interruption from other classes. Students from other classes came to the teachers for their purposes and the teachers had to solve their problems. Furthermore, during class observation some students did not cooperate. While taking interview some of the interviewees were imitating the answers of others. From  my observation as a trainee teacher I              observed that students who join a team communicate effectively and  learn a lot. An essential objective to education therefore, is to develop the peer collaboration of students; namely: speaking, writing, listening and reading. Reading, writing and listening carefully are the three most important peer collaboration for students. These skills like most of the peer collaboration sounds too familiar as a result of which we take them for granted.  teaching -learning process activities s are essential for the successful future career of a student. Reading, writing and listening carefully are the three most important  teaching -learning process activities s for students. These skills like most of the peer collaboration sounds too familiar as a result of which we take them for granted. The finding of this study can be used as a teaching guideline by teachers to help them to communicate more intensively than others so that the strategyin allocating the teaching time can be formulated.

12. What has it added to your professional skills as a teacher? (05 marks)

This action research helped me to maintain classroom management through effective discipline practices for effective  teaching -learning process activities s. I learnt that  teaching -learning process activities s are associated with high academic performance or academic gains. From this practice I’m able to assess the problem in my class via  teaching -learning process activities s. Now I can identified, process and solve the problem through  teaching -learning process activities s which results better than previous which was beating about bush. I learnt that peer collaboration environment promotes an atmosphere that fosters friendship and loyalty. These close-knit relationships motivate employees in parallel and align them to work harder, cooperate and be supportive of one another. Individuals possess diverse talents, weaknesses, communication skills, strengths, and habits. Action research helps me to pick up threads suggested in academic circles, and weave them in my own classroom. Action research allows me to take ownership over my teaching and occurs when teacher researchers contemplate a classroom or instructional issue, design a study, execute the study, track data and results, and reflect. This research provides me with data from my own experiences and my own students. This study added my professional skills as trainee teacher that sharing useful  teaching -learning process activities s strategies with students and provide them examples enhance their English writing and speaking skills. I will give assignments to students as team that offer appropriate practice with feedback. I’m talking about general and specific tips and tricks on how to approach a specific type of essay. As a teacher, my role is to help each and every student improve themselves, acquire new skills, and become a better individual by the end of their time spent in college.  Now I will improve my  student  teaching -learning process activities s in class, reinforce active listening, offer group presentations and assignments, ask open-ended questions to  students, use tasks and activities that foster critical thinking and offer reflective learning opportunities.

13. List the works you cited in your project (follow the APA manual – 7th Edition). (05 marks) Examples of format are available on websites.

Here are 20 references related to collaborative learning in secondary education:

1. Cavanagh, M., Chen, B., Bathgate, M., Frederickson, M., Hanauer, D., Graham, M. J., & Ortquist-Ahrens, L. (2016). Collaboration: A literature review. National Science Foundation.
2. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educational researcher, 38(5), 365-379.
3. Slavin, R. E. (2015). Cooperative learning and academic achievement: Why does groupwork work?. Anales de psicología/Annals of psychology, 31(3), 785-791.
4. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2014). Cooperation and the use of technology. In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 101-111). Springer.
5. Panadero, E., & Jonsson, A. (2013). The use of scoring rubrics for formative assessment purposes revisited: A review. Educational Research Review, 9, 129-144.
6. Kirschner, P. A., & van Merriënboer, J. J. (2013). Do learners really know best? Urban legends in education. Educational psychologist, 48(3), 169-183.
7. Dillenbourg, P. (1999). Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches. Advances in learning and instruction series. Elsevier.
8. Roseth, C. J., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2008). Promoting early adolescents’ achievement and peer relationships: The effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures. Psychological bulletin, 134(2), 223.
9. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.
10. Zohar, A., & Dori, Y. J. (2013). Higher order thinking skills and low‐achieving students: Are they mutually exclusive?. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50(8), 888-909.
11. Webb, N. M., & Palincsar, A. S. (1996). Group processes in the classroom. Handbook of educational psychology, 4, 841-873.
12. Schunk, D. H. (2003). Self-efficacy for reading and writing: Influence of modeling, goal setting, and self-evaluation. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19(2), 159-172.
13. Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
14. Stevens, R. J., Slavin, R. E., & Farnish, A. M. (1991). Cooperative learning and achievement: Theory and research. In Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (pp. 1-25).
15. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Interaction book company.
16. Galton, M., Hargreaves, L., Comber, C., Wall, D., & Pell, A. (1999). Changes in patterns of teacher–pupil interaction in primary classrooms: A videographic study. Educational Review, 51(3), 277-294.