MANUAL
RESEARCH PROJECT
B.Ed. (1.5 Year)
Course Code: 8613
Name:
Roll No.
Registration No:
Semester:Spring, 2022
Region:
Theme: Personality development of students
Sub-theme: Cooperation and care of others
Topic: Developing Co-operation and Care for Others Through class room activities of grade 8th
Name of the School (where the action research was conducted):
Govt high school
Overall background of the participants of the project; area / school: (socio-economic status, occupation / profession – earning trends of majority of the parents, literacy rate, academic quality, and any other special trait of the community where the school is situated)(10 marks)
Background:
The study’s participants were 8th grade students at Govthighschool. I chose students for the 8th class, which has a total of 35 members. Students’ enthusiasm for the task and the interview stemmed from their interest in the research. The school structure was large and beautiful in general. The school had a wonderful playground. It had all of the necessary offices. The school staff was extremely knowledgeable and helpful. In addition, the head of the school assisted me in my studies at that academy.Generally speaking the earth of school was great and better for learning.
Financial status:
Socioeconomic status is the social standing or class of an individual or group. It is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation. Examinations of socioeconomic status often reveal inequities in access to resources, plus issues related to privilege, power and control. Most of Parents from this area are Govt. employee but some of them are shopkeeper or work in private offices. Most of parents do not afford children education due to their family expenses and their low income but some parents support their children at higher level in well reputed universities. But due to the lack of higher educational institute and low income of their parents, more than 60% children stop their education after matriculation. Overall the financial status of this area is good.
Occupation of the Parents:
Parents with Govt. jobs and small businessman are in a better condition to help and support their children educationally, mentally and profoundly. However, Parents with low income because of expenses and low salaries issues can’t give satisfactory to up level their children education. The control of the Parents in this research from this area is normal. A part of the Parents are not monetarily so good. The children who Parents with government jobs are more verified and their family finds a sense of contentment moderately contrasted with the individuals who work in private association. They are consistently in dissatisfaction. Due to low earning trend of this area, the children face a great deal of difficulties both at home and school, which block them from taking an interest completely in classroom exercises. In past, some parents drop their children at different shop for learning work and for earning but today due to free education in Pakistan more than 80% children go to school till then matriculation.
Earning trends of the Parents:
Parents with Govt. jobs and small businessman are in a better condition to help and support their children educationally, mentally and profoundly. However, Parents with low income because of expenses and low salaries issues can’t give satisfactory to up level their children education. The control of the Parents in this research from this area is normal. A part of the Parents are not monetarily so good. The children who Parents with government jobs are more verified and their family finds a sense of contentment moderately contrasted with the individuals who work in private association. They are consistently in dissatisfaction. Due to low earning trend of this area, the children face a great deal of difficulties both at home and school, which block them from taking an interest completely in classroom exercises. In past, some parents drop their children at different shop for learning work and for earning but today due to free education in Pakistan more than 80% children go to school till then matriculation.
Literacy Rate:
The current literacy rate of Pakistan is 62.3 which mean that an estimated population of 60 million is illiterate in the country. Keeping in view this situation, the present government is according priority to enhance the national literacy rate.
Source: Google
Q.1
Why did you select this specific sub-theme and topic? Relate it to your experience / problem in your classroom / institution. (10 marks)
(Give the background and rationale of the study)
Sub-theme: Cooperation and care of others
Topic: Developing Co-operation and Care for Others through class room activities of grade 8th
Reason for choosing sub-theme:
Researchers choose this subtheme becausewhy do we trust people more when they do good without considering in detail the cost to them? People who avoid “looking” at the costs of good acts can be trusted to cooperate in important situations, whereas those who look cannot. We find that evolutionary dynamics can lead to cooperation without looking at costs. Our results illuminate why we attend closely to people’s motivations for doing good, as prescribed by deontological ethicists such as Kant, and, also, why we admire principled people, adhere to taboos, and fall in love
Cooperation occurs when we take on costs to help others. A key mechanism by which cooperation is sustained is reciprocity: Individuals cooperate with those who have cooperated in the past. However, we care about not only whether others cooperate, but, also, their decision-making process: we place more trust in cooperators who do not strategically weigh the costs and make an effort to collect them before deciding whether to cooperate. For example, we are impressed by colleagues who immediately agree to proofread a paper but view with suspicion those who ask, “How many pages does it have?” Intuitively, those who cooperate without “looking” can be trusted to cooperate even in times when there are large temptations to defect. However, will the added trust from CWOL be worth missing out on those large temptations? Additionally, which conditions make CWOL a winning strategy?
Reason for choosing topic:
Researcher chooses this topic because Cooperative learning is an instructional format in which students work together in small, structured, heterogeneous groups to master content. The purpose of this study was to describe and interpret a teacher’s and the students’ experiences of cooperative learning in an elementary physical education program. A multiple-method design included interviews of a physical education teacher and 5th and 6th grade students, nonparticipant observation, field notes, and document analysis. Inductive analysis and constant comparison were used to analyze and organize the data throughout the research process. The findings suggest that the teacher and students held similar perceptions of the cooperative learning program. Themes emerged fewer than four main categories: goals of the lessons; cooperative learning roles; benefits of cooperative learning; and implementation of cooperative learning. The teacher believed that the cooperative learning program allowed students of all ability levels to improve motor skills, develop social skills, work together as a team, help others improve their skills, and take responsibility for their own learning.
Many instructors from disciplines across the university use group work to enhance their students’ learning. Whether the goal is to increase student understanding of content, to build particular transferable skills, or some combination of the two, instructors often turn to small group work to capitalize on the benefits of peer-to-peer instruction. This type of group work is formally termed cooperative learning, and is defined as the instructional use of small groups to promote students working together to maximize their own and each other’s learning (Johnson, et al., 2008).
Cooperative learning is characterized by positive interdependence, where students perceive that better performance by individuals produces better performance by the entire group (Johnson, et al., 2014). It can be formal or informal, but often involves specific instructor intervention to maximize student interaction and learning. It is infinitely adaptable, working in small and large classes and across disciplines, and can be one of the most effective teaching approaches available to college instructors.
For small groups to function effectively in a course context, students must attend to both the climate within their group and the process by which they accomplish their tasks. Critical to a healthy climate and an effective process are strong communication skills. Below you will find the basic characteristics of effective communicators, plus tips to help students with group climate and process.
Although students can gain many of the skills described below through informal social interactions, they still benefit from having them made explicit. To hone their skills they also need opportunities to practice as well as to receive regular feedback on how they’re doing. Share the information below with your students, use it to set activities for them, and work to incorporate three components of feedback into your plan: instructor comments (oral and/or written), reflective group discussions and/or peer assessment, and self-reflection (see the reflection prompts in Appendix A for ideas).
Q.2
What was your discussion with your colleague / friend / senior teacher or supervisor regarding the problem? (05 marks)
The researcher told his colleague, friends, and senior teachers about his realisation. During discussions with these children, the researcher discovered that both children and teachers were uninterested in their realisation cooperation with other, and that teachers were also uninterested in their errors. As a result, children have not been able to improve their realisation cooperation with other to the extent that they deserve.
Discussion with Supervisor:
During the conversation, the supervisor summarised some key points, such as the need of honesty in every school in light of the current situation in the country/world. There isn’t a single school that isn’t subjected to the daily barrage of realisation self-confidence. Nearly every aspect of a principal’s or teacher’s daily routine may revolve around some form of honesty. One of the most important things you do when you’re in a seniority position is simply deal with the day-to-day issues that arise for your students. Improving your positive behaviour will provide you a great advantage in both teaching and other school roles.
Discussion with Teacher:
After the family or parents, our teacher claims that his or her part is the most significant in the process of cooperation with other. Our teacher instructs us to take the next step to support the cooperative process.Encouraging them to explore, be curious, come up with questions and investigate how things work. Asking them to think of different ways to solve problems. Providing choices of activities that involve planning and decision making
Q.3
